A karyotype analyses the structure, quantity, and organisation of a person's chromosomes. 46 chromosomes which is 23 pairs make up a typical karyotype, including the sex chromosomes (XX for females and XY for males).

A numerical change or structural rearrangement involving any of the chromosomes may lead to a genetic disorder or infertility.

When a person exhibits congenital defects linked to a genetic condition, this test is conducted (e.g. abnormal physical features, behavioural problems, or developmental delays)If a couple has a history of miscarriages or failed implantations, there is a possibility that a fetus has a chromosomal anomaly.

A nearly unlimited variety of tissues including blood, can be used for the test. Chorionic villus, amniotic fluid, and other foetal products.

Karyotype analysis is best carried out on cells that are dividing. When the genetic material is arranged into chromosomes during a given stage of cell culture, the cells are then arrested.

Each cell's karyotype is visualised by staining the chromosomes and taking a microscope snapshot of them. A qualified scientist then uses specialised computer software to examine the image.

A karyotype image is created by staining a cell's chromosomes with a dye and taking a microscope photo. A clinical scientist then uses specialised computer software to examine the image.

Karyotype analysis is best carried out on cells that are in a stage of division. Chromosomes can be seen under a microscope at this point. The chromosomes exist as long, thin threads during the non-dividing stage.

The karyotype test results are typically available in 14 to 28 days. For a female, a normal karyotype is 46 XX], and for a male it is 46 XY.

Any variation is regarded as abnormal. The asking physician or genetic counsellor will explain the clinical importance of an aberrant karyotype and how it may affect a person's health or treatment plan.